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teresa
2023. 11. 22. 08:32
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출처 Creation Myths and Legends of the Creek Indians, University of Florida
(https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/01/16/79/00001/CreationMythsofCreekIndians.pdf)
pp 63-65
Temporal versus Sacred Time Among the Creeks, time must be thought of as existing in two forms: linear (temporal) and cyclic (sacred). The temporal aspects of Creek time have been recorded by several early writers. According to Adair, the Creek new year begins at the first new moon after the vernal equinox. According to Swan the new year begins at the time of the Annual Busk, which he places in August. Swanton suggests that these two accounts seem at odds but provides his own reconciliation of the two views. He suggests Creek temporal time could be divided into two seasons of six months each. The Annual Busk, from which all sacred events were counted, marked the ending of the old year and the summer season (February through July) and the beginning of the new year and winter season (August through January). Another division could be made at right angles to this one, which marked the ceremonial season. Most, if not all, public ceremonies occurred from April to October.
Ellis Childers, the last chief of the Chiaha and one of Swanton’s sources, gives his account of the ceremonial season as follows: “When the new moon at the end of April or beginning of May approaches the medicine man (hilis-haya) tells the miko to call his people. He also tells the miko in what phase of the moon to send out. Immediately the miko sends a ta’pala or ‘messenger’ through the town to notify everyone to meet at the square ground that night.”
Over a four-day period follows a series of dances; the collection and taking of medicine, which included the miko hoyan•dja, pasa, cedar, and hit¥’tåbi (ice weed); and the delivery of speeches and announcements or messages from other towns. At the next new moon the same procedure is followed. At the third new moon the chief and a chosen number from each “bed” decide the date for the Annual Busk. A cane is split into small pieces representing the number of days until the Busk. One bundle is tied over the chief’s seat on the Busk Ground and one bundle is sent to each friendly town as an invitation to share in the Busk.
According to Speck, the Yuchis divided the year into four seasons: the spring (when summer is near), the summer (related to “south”), the autumn (when the tree leaves are yellow), and winter (snow comes). Speck’s list of month names, along with those provided for other groups by Swan and Swanton, are as follows:
January: Ground Frozen Month (Yuchi) Little Winter Moon (Swan) none given (Alabama) Little Winter (Koasati)
February: Wind Month (Yuchi) The Windy Moon (Swan) none given (Alabama) none given (Koasati)
March: Little Summer (Yuchi) Little Spring Moon (Swan) Wind Moon (Alabama) Wind Moon (Koasati)
April: Big Summer (Yuchi) Big Spring Moon (Swan) Planting Moon (Alabama) Planting Moon (Koasati)
May: Mulberry Ripening Month (Yuchi) Mulberry Moon (Swan) May Haws Ripe (Alabama) May Haws Ripe (Koasati) June: Blackberry Ripening Month (Yuchi) Blackberry Moon (Swan) Half Way Month (Alabama) ? (Koasati)
July: Middle of Summer (Yuchi) Little Ripening Moon (Swan) Mulberries Ripe (Alabama) Mulberries Ripe (Koasati) August: Dog Day (Yuchi) Big Ripening Moon (Swan) Wild Peaches Ripe (Alabama) none given (Koasati)
September: Hay Cutting Month (Yuchi) Little Chestnut Moon (Swan) none given (Alabama) none given (Koasati)
October: Corn Ripening Month (Yuchi) Big Chestnut Moon (Swan) Frog Moon (Alabama) none given (Koasati) November: none given (Yuchi) Falling Leaf Moon (Swan) Black Water (Alabama) Whippoorwill Moon (Koasati) December: Middle of Winter (Yuchi) Big Winter Moon (Swan) none given (Alabama) Big Winter (Koasati)
The passage of temporal time was punctuated with sacred times that were out of the ordinary, qualitatively different kinds of time when things were not as they seemed and humans were in touch with sacred powers. In the earliest of times, soon after creation, sacred power abounded. All that existed, existed as a manifestation of sacred power. Animals and humans shared similar characteristics and spoke the same language. All existence was equally saturated with sacred power. As time passed, though, direct encounters with sacred power became limited to certain times or were achievable only through intensive training or participation in rituals. Warfare and hunting were perceived as sacred times and were elaborated with ritual and intense cultural meaning. A woman’s first menses signaled a move from childhood to adulthood and was accompanied by ceremony associated with her power to bring forth life.
Certain rites and rituals also became necessary for the maintenance of universal balance and the perpetuation of time. Rites and rituals that were communicated to humans through sacred means became the basis of the ritual life of the Creeks.
출처: https://americanindian.net/moons.html (2018.6.)
ABENAKI
JANUARY Alamikos Greetings Maker Moon
FEBRUARY Piaôdagos Makes Branches Fall In Pieces Moon
MARCH Mozokas Moose Hunter Moon
MID-MARCH Sigwankas Spring Season Maker Moon
APRIL Sogalikas Sugar Maker Moon
MAY Kikas Field Maker Moon
JUNE Nokahigas Hoer Moon
JULY Temaskikos Grass Cutter Moon
AUGUST Temezôwas Cutter Moon
SEPTEMBER Skamonkas Corn Maker Moon
OCTOBER Penibagos Leaf Falling Moon
NOVEMBER Mzatanos Freezing River maker Moon
DECEMBER Pebonkas Winter Maker Moon
ALGONQUIN:
JANUARY- SQUOCHEE KESOS- SUN HAS STRENGTH TO THAW
FEBRUARY- WAPICUUMMILCUM- ICE IN RIVER IS GONE
MARCH- NAMOSSACK KESOS- CATCHING FISH
APRIL - SUQUANNI KESOS- WHEN THEY SET INDIAN CORN
MAY- MOONESQUANIMOCK KESOS- WHEN WOMEN WEED CORN
JUNE- TWOWA KESOS- WHEN THEY HILL INDIAN CORN
JULY- MATTERLLAWAW KESOS- SQUASH ARE RIPE & INDIAN BEANS BEGIN TO BE EDIBLE
AUGUST- MICHEENEE KESOS- WHEN INDIAN CORN'S EDIBLE
SEPTEMBER- POHQUITAQUNK KESOS- MIDDLE BETWEEN HARVEST AND EATING INDIAN CORN
OCTOBER- PEPEWARR- WHITE FROST ON GRASS & GROUND
NOVEMBER- QUINNE KESOS- SAME AS PEPEWARR
DECEMBER- PAPSAPQUOHO
ANISHNAABE (CHIPPEWA, OJIBWE):
JANUARY - Gichi-manidoo-giizis GREAT SPIRIT MOON
FEBRUARY - Namebini-giizis SUCKER MOON
MARCH - Bebookwaadaagame-giizis(oog) SNOW CRUST MOON
APRIL - Iskigamizige-giizis(oog) BROKEN SNOWSHOW MOON
MAY - Waabigwani-giizis BLOSSOM MOON
JUNE - Ode'imini-giizis STRAWBERRY MOON
JULY - Aabita-niibino-giizis RASPBERRY MOON
AUGUST - Miini-giizis BERRY MOON
SEPTEMBER - Manoominike-giizis RICE MOON
OCTOBER - Binaakwe-giizis FALLING LEAVES MOON
NOVEMBER - Gashkadino-giizis(oog) FREEZING MOON
DECEMBER - Manidoo-gizisoons SMALL SPIRITS MOON
APACHE:
JANUARY - TIME OF FLYING ANTS
APRIL - MOON OF THE BIG LEAVES
MAY - SEASON WHEN THE LEAVES ARE GREEN
JULY - MOON OF THE HORSE/TIME OF RIPENESS
OCTOBER - TIME WHEN THE CORN IS TAKEN IN
NORTHERN ARAPAHO:
JANUARY - WHEN THE SNOW BLOWS LIKE SPIRITS IN THE WIND
FEBRUARY - FROST SPARKLING IN THE SUN
MARCH - BUFFALO DROPPING THEIR CALVES
APRIL - ICE BREAKING IN THE RIVER
MAY - WHEN THE PONIES SHED THEIR SHAGGY HAIR
JUNE - WHEN THE HOT WEATHER BEGINS
JULY - WHEN THE BUFFALO BELLOWS
LATE JULY - WHEN THE CHOKEBERRIES BEGIN TO RIPEN
AUGUST - GEESE SHEDDING THEIR FEATHERS
SEPTEMBER - DRYING GRASS
OCTOBER - FALLING LEAVES
NOVEMBER - WHEN THE RIVERS START TO FREEZE
DECEMBER - POPPING TREES
ASSINIBOINE:
JANUARY - Wicogandu Center Moon
FEBRUARY - Amhanska Long Dry Mon
MARCH - Wicinstayazan Sore Eye Moon
APRIL - Tabehatawi Frog Moon
MAY - Indiwiga Idle Moon
JUNE - Wahequosmewi Full leaf Moon
JULY - Wasasa Red Berries Moon
AUGUST - Capasapsaba Black Cherries Moon
SEPTEMBER - Wahpegiwi Yellow Leaf Moon
OCTOBER - Anukope Joins Both Sides Moon
Tasnaheja-hagikta Striped Gopher looks Back Moon
NOVENBER - Cuhotgawi Frost Moon
DECEMBER - Wicogandu-sungagu Center Moon's Younger Brother
CHEROKEE (MONTHS with help from Tu'ti):
JANUARY - UNOLVTANA - COLD MOON
FEBRUARY - KAGALI - BONY MOON
MARCH - ANVHYI - STRAWBERRY OR WINDY MOON
APRIL - KAWOHNI - FLOWER MOON
MAY - ANSGVTI - PLANTING MOON
JUNE - DEHALUYI - GREEN CORN MOON
JULY - KUYEGWONA - RIPE CORN MOON
AUGUST - GALOHNI - END OF THE FRUIT OR DRYING UP MOON
SEPTEMBER - DULISDI - NUT OR BLACK BUTTERFLY MOON
OCTOBER - DUNINHDI - HARVEST MOON
NOVEMBER - NVDADEGWA - TRADING MOON
DECEMBER - VSKIHYI - SNOW MOON
EASTERN CHEROKEE MOONS (thanks to Robert Graybear):
nvda kanawoga - COLD MOON
nvda kola - BONE MOON (so little food, people gnaw on bones and eat bone marrow soup)
nvda unole - WIND MOON (when strong winds strip away the dead wood and foliage and prepare the land for renewal)
nvda atsilusgi - FLOWER MOON (when plants come to life and bloom again and the Earth is renewed)
nvda gahlvsga - PLANTING MOON (strict translation "the putting it in a hole moon")
nvda seluitseiyusdi - GREEN CORN MOON (when the corn is up and showing itself as an identifiable crop)
nvda utsi'dsata' - CORN IN TASSEL MOON (when the corn is displaying a tassel)
nvda seluuwa`nûñ`sa - RIPE CORN MOON
nvda udatanvagisdi ulisdv - END OF FRUIT MOON
nvda udatanûñ - NUT MOON
nvda tsiyahloha - HARVEST MOON
nvda ganohalidoha - HUNTING MOON
nvda gutiha - SNOW MOON (when the first snows fall in the mountains)
CHEYENNE:
JANUARY - MOON OF THE STRONG COLD
APRIL - MOON WHEN THE GEESE LAY EGGS
MAY - MOON WHEN THE HORSES GET FAT
SEPTEMBER DRYING GRASS MOON
OCTOBER - MOON WHEN THE WATER BEGINS TO FREEZE ON THE EDGE OF THE STREAMS
NOVEMBER - DEER RUTTING MOON -
DECEMBER - MOON WHEN THE WOLVES RUN TOGETHER
CHEYENNE: (per Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribe website: www.c-a-tribes.org)
JANUARY - Hohtseéše’he Hoop Moon
FEBRUARY - He’konénehesó-eše’he Little Hard Face Moon
FEBRUARY - Ma'xéhohtseéše’he Big Hoop Moon
FEBRUARY - Tšéške'hohtseéše’he Little Hoop Moon
MARCH - P´onoma’ehasenéeše’he Drying Up Moon
MARCH - Heše’évenéhe-éše’he Dirt Face Moon
APRIL - Véhpotseéše’he Leaf Moon
MAY - Matsé’oméeše’he Spring Moon
JUNE - É’omeéše’he Fattening Up Moon
June - É’nano'eéše’he Planting Moon
JULY - Méanéeše’he Summer Moon
JULY - Sétoveméanéeše’he Middle of Summer Moon
AUGUST - O’enenéeše’he Picking or Harvest Moon
AUGUST - Hémotséeše'he Rutting Moon
SEPTEMBER - Tonóeše'he Cool Moon
SEPTEMBER - Tonóeveéše’he Fall Moon
OCTOBER - Heše’kévénestseeše’he Dirt In The Face Moon
OCTOBER - Se'ma'omeveéše'he Starting To Freeze Moon
NOVEMBER - He’koneneéše’he Hard Face Moon
DECEMBER - Sétoveaéneéše’he Middle Of Winter Moon
EASTERN COMANCHE (Thanks to Lee R. Williams):
January - Toh mua year moon
Ukurooma mua - middle moon
February - Positsu mua - sleet moon
March - Nana?butituikatu mua - hot & cold Moon
Tahpooku mua - cottonball moon
April - Tahma mua - new Spring moon
May - Totsiyaa mua - flower moon
June - Puhi mua - leaf moon
July - Urui mua - hot moon
Pia mua - large moon
August - Tahma mua - Summer moon
Ukuiyuba mua - new Fall moon
September - Taboo mua - paperman moon
Kwi?ena mua - school (back to) moon
October - Yuba mua - Fall Season moon
November - Yubaubi mua - heading to Winter moon
Aho Tabenihtu mua - Thanking moon
December - Pia utsu?i mua - big cold moon
Wahi mua - evergreen moon
13th Moon - Toh mua - year moon
CREE:
JANUARY - WHEN THE OLD FELLOW SPREADS THE BRUSH (GISHEPAPIWATEKIMUMPIZUN)
FEBRUARY - OLD MONTH (CEPIZUN)
MARCH - EAGLE MONTH (MIGISUPIZUM)
APRIL - GRAY GOOSE MONTH (KISKIPIZUN)
MAY - FROG MONTH (ALIGIPIZUN)
JUNE - THE MONTH LEAVES COME OUT (SAGIPUKAWIPIZUN)
JULY - THE MOON WHEN DUCKS BEGIN TO MOULT (OPASKWUWIPIZUN)
AUGUST - THE MOON YOUNG DUCKS BEGIN TO FLY (OPUNHOPIZUN)
SEPTEMBER - WAVY OR SNOW GOOSE MONTH (WEWEOPIZUN)
OCTOBER - THE MOON THE BIRDS FLY SOUTH (OPINAHAMOWIPIZUN)
NOVEMBER - THE MOON THE RIVERS BEGIN TO FREEZE (KASKATINOPIZUN)
DECEMBER - WHEN THE YOUNG FELLOW SPREADS THE BRUSH (PAPIWATIGINASHISPIZUN)
CREE (13 MOON VERSION - STARTS IN JANUARY):
GREAT OR MIDWINTER MOON APIHTAPIPUNPICIM OR KICEPICIM
EAGLE MOON MIKICIWPICIM
GOOSE MOON KISKIHPICIM
FROG MOON AYIKIPICIM
LEAVES APPEAR MOON SAKIPAKAWPICIM
EGG HATCHING OR LAYING MOON PASKAWEHOWLPICIM OR PINAWEWIPICIM
FEATHER MOULTING MOON PASKOWRPICIM
STARTS TO FLY MOON OHPAHOWIPICIM
BREEDING MOON NO-TCIHLTOPICIM
LEAVES CHANGE COLOR MOON PINACKOPICIM
FALLING LEAVES MOON
FROZEN OVER MOON OKASKATANOPICIM
SCATTERING MOON PIWAKTCAKINACISPICIM
CREEK:
MAY - MULBERRY MOON
JULY - LITTLE RIPENING MOON
AUGUST - BIG RIPENING MOON
SEPTEMBER - LITTLE CHESTNUT MOON
NOVEMBER - MOON WHEN THE WATER IS BLACK WITH LEAVES
DECEMBER - BIG WINTER MOON
CREEK: (alternative)
STARTS IN AUGUST
MUCH HEAT OR BIG RIPENING
LITTLE CHESTNUT
BIG CHESTNUT
IHOLI-FROST
BIG WINTER
LITTLE WINTER
WIND
LITTLE SPRING
BIG SPRING
MULBERRY
BLACKBERRY
LITTLE HEAT OR LITTLE RIPENING
Haida: (from the University of Alaska website)
JANUARY - Táan Kungáay - Bear hunting moon
FEBRUARY - Hlgit’ún Kungáay - Goose moon
MARCH - Xitgáas Kungáay - Noisy goose moon
APRIL - Xíit Kungáay - Migratory geese moon
MAY - Tahálaa Kungáay - Food-gathering moon
JUNE - Gáan Kungáay - Berries ripen moon
JULY - Chíin Kungáay - Salmon moon
AUGUST - K’íit’aas Kungáay - Cedar bark for hat and baskets
SEPTEMBER - Kálk Kungáay - Ice moon
OCTOBER - Cha’áaw Kungáay - Bears hibernate
NOVEMBER - T’a’áaw Kungáay - Snow moon
DECEMBER - Gáangálang Kungáay - Ripe berries
HOPI: (from their web site)
JANUARY - PAAMUYA - Month of Life at it's Height
FEBRUARY - POWAMUYA - Month of Purification and Renewal
MARCH - OSOMUYAW - Month of the Whispering Wind
APRIL - KWIYAMUYAW - Month of Windbreak
MAY - HAKITONMUYAW - Month of Waiting
JUNE - UYISMUYA - Month of Planting (also called WUKOUYIS)
JULY - KELMUYA - Month of Fledgling Hawk
NIMANMUYA - Month of the Homedance
AUGUST - PAAMUYA - Month of Joyful
TAALAPAMUYA - Month of Life at it's Height
SEPTEMBER - NASANMUYAW - Month of Full Harvest
Month of Plenty
OCTOBER - ANGAQMUYAW - Month of Long Hair
TUHO'OSMUYA - Month of Harvesting
NOVEMBER - KELMUYA - Month of Fledgling Hawk
DECEMBER - KYAAMUYA - Month of Respect
Inuit (Eskimo):
JANUARY - Avunniviayuk
FEBRUARY - Avunnivik
MARCH - Amaolikkervik
APRIL - Kriblalikvik
MAY - Tigmiyikvik
JUNE - Nuertorvik
JULY - Padlersersivik
AUGUST - Krugyuat tingiviat
SEPTEMBER - Aklikarniarvik
OCTOBER - Tugluvik
NOVEMBER - Itartoryuk
DECEMBER - Kaitvitjuitk
Kalapuya:
JANUARY - Atalka - stay inside
FEBRUARY - Atchiulartadsh - out of food
MARCH - Atcha-uyu - Spring, women dig camas
APRIL - Amanta Kotantal - time for pounding camas
MAY - Atantal - camas blooming time
JUNE - Anishnalya - camas ripe
JULY - Ameku or Waydyu Ameku - mid Summer
AUGUST - Akupiu - end of Summer
SEPTEMBER - Atchiutchutin - after harvest
OCTOBER - Atchalankuaik - start getting sagittair roots
NOVEMBER - Alangitapi - moving inside for winter
DECEMBER - Adshampak - not bad weather
KERESAN:
JANUARY - Nadzi-kisraiti
FEBRUARY - y'amuuni daawaatra
MARCH - Shch'ami daawaatra
APRIL - Bashch'atsishe daawaatra
MAY - Shawiitsishe daawaatra
JUNE - Sauhua daawaatra
JULY - Sina kisraiti
AUGUST - y'aamuni daawaatra
SEPTEMBER - Kinati daawaatra
OCTOBER - -
NOVEMBER - -
DECEMBER - Nachuweenu daawaatra
KIOWA:
EARLY FEBRUARY - LITTLE BUD MOON (KAGUAT P'A SAN)
EARLY MARCH - BUD MOON (KAGUAT P'A)
EARLY APRIL - LEAF MOON (AIDEN P'A)
LATE APRIL - SUMMER AGANTI: I'LL MAKE IT HOT SOON (PAI AGANTI)
LATE MAY - SUMMER TEPGAN: GEESE GO NORTH (PAI TEGPAN P'A)
JUNE - SUMMER MOON (PAI GANHINA P'A)
LATE JULY - LITTLE MOON OF DEER HORNS DROPPING OFF (TAGUNOTAL P'A SAN)
AUGUST - YELLOW LEAVES MOON (AIDENGUAK'O P'A)
SEPTEMBER - MOON WHEN THE LEAVES FALL OFF
EARLY OCTOBER - TEN-COLDS MOON (GAKINAT'O P'A)
LATE OCTOBER - WAIT UNTIL I COME (AGANTI)
LATE NOVEMBER - GEESE-GOING MOON (TEPGAN P'A)
LATE DECEMBER - REAL GOOSE MOON (GANHINA P'A)
KUMEYAAY:
Halamrtinya - January
Halanitca - February
Halakwol - March
Halanyimcep - April
Halatai - May
Halapisu - June
Halamrtinya - July
Halanitca - August
Halakwol - September (start of KUMEYAAY year)
Halanyimcep - October
Halatai - November
Halapisu - December
LAKOTA (Thanks to Joseph RedCloud):
Wiotehika Wi - Hard moon.
Cannapopa Wi - Moon when the trees crack because of the cold.
Istawicayazan Wi - Moon of the sore eyes.
Wihakaktacepapi Wi - Moon when the wife had to crack bones for marrow fat.
Canwape To Wi - Moon of the green leaves.
Wipazatkan Waste Wi - Moon when the June berries are good.
Canpasapa Wi - Moon when the chokecherries are black.
Wasutoa Wi - Moon of the ripening.
Canwape Gi Wi - Moon of the brown leaves.
Canwape Kasna Wi - Moon when the wind shakes off the leaves.
Waniyetu Wi - Moon when winter begins.
Wanicokan Wi - Moon when the deer shed their antlers.
MANDAN-HIDATSA:
APRIL - MOON OF THE BREAKING UP OF THE ICE
NOVEMBER - MOON WHEN THE RIVER FREEZES
MOHAWK:
JANUARY - Tsothohrhko:wa the big cold
FEBRUARY - Enniska lateness
MARCH - Ennisko:wa much lateness
APRIL - Onerahtokha budding time
MAY - Onerahtohko:wa time of big leaf
JUNE - Ohiari:ha ripening time
JULY - Ohiarihko:wa time of much ripening
AUGUST - Seskehko:wa time of freshness
SEPTEMBER - Seskhoko:wa time of much freshness
OCTOBER - Kentenha time of poverty
NOVEMBER - Kentenhko:wa time of much poverty
DECEMBER - Tsothohrha time of cold
MUSCOKEE (CREEK):
January - Rv'fo Cusee Winter's Younger Brother
February - Hotvlee-hv'see Wind Month
March - Tasahcucee Little Spring Month
April - Tasahcee-rakko Big Spring Month
May - Kee-hvsee Mulberry Month
June - Kvco-hvsee Blackberry Month
July - Hiyucee Little Harvest
August - Hiyo-rakko Big Harvest
September - Otowoskucee Little Chestnut Month
October - Otowoskv-rakko Big Chestnut Month
November - Echolee Frost Month
December - Rvfo-rakko Big Winter
NATCHEZ (Per a display in the Grand Village of the Natchez Museum - Starts in March)
1st Moon - Deer
2nd Moon - Strawberries
3rd Moon - Little Corn
4th Moon - Watermelons
5th Moon - Peaches
6th Moon - Mulberries
7th Moon - Great Corn
8th Moon - Turkeys
9th Moon - Bison
10th Moon - Bears
11th Moon - Cold Meal
12th Moon - Chestnuts
13th Moon - Nuts
NAVAJO (from a 1945 Department of Defense Document):
JANUARY ATSAH-BE-YAZ SMALL EAGLE
FEBRUARY WOZ-CHEIND SQUEEKY VOICE
MARCH TAH-CHILL SMALL PLANT
APRIL TAH-TSO BIG PLANT
MAY TAH-TSOSIE SMALL PLANT
JUNE BE-NE-EH-EH-JAH-TSO BIG PLANTING
JULY BE-NE-TA-TSOSIE SMALL HARVEST
AUGUST BE-NEEN-TA-TSO BIG HARVEST
SEPTEMBER GHAW-JIH HALF
OCTOBER NIL-CHI-TSOSIE SMALL WIND
NOVEMBER NIL-CHI-TSO BIG WIND
DECEMBER YAS-NIL-TES CRUSTED SNOW
OJEBWAY (according to Peter Jones' 1861 book)
January - Keche Munedoo keezis Great Spirit moon
February - Nuhmabene keezis mullet fish moon
March - Neke keezis wild goose moon
April - Omuhkuhkee keezis frog moon
May - Wahbegwunee keezis blooming moon
June - Odoemin keezis strawberry moon
July - Mesquemene keezis red raspberry moon
August - Meen keezis huckleberry moon
September - Ahtabuhgah keezis falling leaf moon
October - Penaqueewene keezis falling leaf moon
November - Kuhskhuhdene keezis freezing moon
December - Munedoo keezis spirit moon
OMAHA:
JANUARY - MOON WHEN SNOW DRIFTS INTO TIPIS
FEBRUARY - MOON WHEN GEESE COME HOME
MARCH - LITTLE FROG MOON
JUNE - MOON WHEN THE BUFFALO BULLS HUNT THE COWS
JULY - MOON WHEN THE BUFFALO BELLOW
SEPTEMBER - MOON WHEN THE DEER PAW THE EARTH
OSAGE:
MAY - MOON WHEN THE LITTLE FLOWERS DIE
AUGUST - YELLOW FLOWER MOON
PASSAMAQUODDY:
JANUARY - Opolahsomuwehs whirling wind month
FEBRUARY - Piyatokonis when the spruce tips fall
MARCH - Siqon spring moon
APRIL - Ponatom spring moon
MAY - Siqonomeq Alewive moon
JUNE - Nipon summer moon
JULY - Accihte ripening moon
AUGUST - Apsqe feather shedding moon
SEPTEMBER - Toqakiw autumn moon
OCTOBER - Amilkahtin harvest moon
NOVEMBER - Kelotonuhket freezing moon
DECEMBER - Punam frost fish moon
PIMA:
JANUARY - Gi'ihothag mashath the weight loss month (when animals lose their fat)
FEBRUARY - Kohmagi mashath the gray month (when trees are bare and vegetation is scarce)
MARCH - Chehthagi mashath the green month
APRIL - Oam Mashath the yellow month
S-gevk mashath the strong month (when the trees begin to bloom)
MAY - Ko'ok mashath
JUNE - -
JULY - -
AUGUST - -
SEPTEMBER - -
OCTOBER - -
NOVEMBER - -
DECEMBER - -
PONCA:
JANUARY - SNOW THAWS MOON
MARCH - WATER STANDS IN THE PONDS MONTH
JUNE - HOT WEATHER BEGINS MOON
JULY - MIDDLE OF SUMMER MOON
AUGUST - CORN IS IN THE SILK MOON
OCTOBER - MOON WHEN THEY STORE FOOD IN CACHES
POTAWATOMI:
JANUARY - mkokisis month of the bear
FEBRUARY - Mnokesis month of rabbit conception
MARCH - cicakkises month of the crane
APRIL - -
MAY - Te'minkeses month of the strawberry
JUNE - Msheke'kesis month of the turtle
JULY - We'shkitdaminkese month of the young corn
AUGUST - e'mnomukkises month of the middle
SEPTEMBER - -
OCTOBER - e'sksegtukkisis month of the first frost
NOVEMBER - Pne'kesis month of the turkey & feast
DECEMBER - -
SHAWNEE (by Noel Schutz at http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/ShawneeMoons.html )
January Ha'kwi kiishthwa Severe Moon
February Haatawi kiishthwa Crow Moon
March Shkipiye kwiitha Sap Moon
April Pooshkwiitha Half Moon
May Hotehimini kiishthwa Strawberry Moon
June Mshkatiwi kiishthwa Raspberry Moon
July Miini kiishthwa Blackberry Moon
August Po'kamawi kiishthwa Plum Moon
September Ha'shimini kiishthwa Papaw Moon
October Sha'teepakanootha Wilted Moon
November Kini kiishthwa Long Moon
December Washilatha kiishthwa Eccentric Moon
CENTRAL SHOSHONI (thanks to Lee R. Williams):
January - Goa-mea' - freezing moon
February - Isha-mea' - coyote moon
March - Yu'a-mea' - warming moon
April - Badua'-mea' - melting moon
May - Buhisea'-mea' - budding moon
June - Daa'za-mea' - (starts) summer moon
July - Daza-mea' - Summer moon
August - Guuteyai-mea' - hot moon
September - Yeba-mea' - Fall moon
October - Naa-mea' - rutting moon
November - Ezhe'i-mea' - cold moon
December - Dommo-mea' - Winter moon
TUMPISA (PANAMINT) SHOSHONE - by: Jon P. Dayley (thanks to Lee R. Williams)
January sumum muattsi 1st moon
February waham muattsi 2nd moon
March pahim muattsi 3rd moon
April wattsuwim muattsi 4th moon
May manukim muattsi 5th moon
June naapaim muattsi 6th moon
July taattsuwim muattsi 7th moon
August woosuwim muattsi 8th moon
September wanukkim muattsi 9th moon
October suumoonom muattsi 10th moon
November sumuttum ma to’engkunna muattsi 11th moon
December wahattum ma to’engkunna muattsi 12th moon
pahittum ma to’engkunna muattsi 13th moon
SIOUX:
JANUARY - MOON OF STRONG COLD/FROST IN THE TEEPEE/WOLVES RUN TOGETHER
FEBRUARY - RACCOON MOON/DARK RED CALVES
MARCH - MOON WHEN BUFFALO COWS DROP THEIR CALVES/OF THE SNOWBLIND/SORE EYE MOON
APRIL - MOON OF GREENING GRASS/RED GRASS APPEARING
MAY - MOON WHEN THE PONIES SHED
JUNE - MOON OF MAKING FAT/MOON WHEN GREEN GRASS IS UP/STRAWBERRY MOON
JULY - MOON WHEN THE WILD CHERRIES ARE RIPE/RED CHERRIES/RED BLOOMING LILIES
AUGUST - MOON WHEN THE GEESE SHED THEIR FEATHERS/CHERRIES TURN BLACK
SEPTEMBER - MOON OF DRYING GRASS/WHEN CALVES GROW HAIR OR BLACK CALF/WHEN THE PLUMS ARE SCARLET
OCTOBER - MOON OF FALLING LEAVES/CHANGING SEASON
NOVEMBER - MOON OF THE FALLING LEAVES
DECEMBER - MOON OF POPPING TREES/WHEN DEER SHED THEIR HORNS/BUFFALO COW'S FETUS IS GETTING LARGE
TEWA PUEBLO:
FEBRUARY - MOON OF THE CEDAR DUST WIND
MARCH - MOON WHEN THE LEAVES BREAK FORTH
JUNE - MOON WHEN THE LEAVES ARE DARK GREEN
SEPTEMBER - MOON WHEN THE CORN IS TAKEN IN
NOVEMBER - MOON WHEN ALL IS GATHERED IN
Tlingit: (from a University of Alaska website)
JANUARY - T’aawak Dís Goose moon
FEBRUARY S’eek Dís Black bear moon
MARCH - Héentáanáx Kayaan’i Dís Underwater plants sprout
APRIL - X’eigaa Kayaaní Dís Budding moon of plants and shrubs
MAY - At gadaxéet yinaa Dís Month before pregnancy
JUNE - At gadaxéet Dís Birth moon
JULY - Xaat Dísi Salmon moon
AUGUST - Sha-ha-yi Berries ripe on mountain
SEPTEMBER - Dis Yádi Young (animals) moon
OCTOBER - Dís Tlein Big moon
NOVEMBER - Kukahaa Dís Scraping moon
DECEMBER - Shanáx Dís Unborn seals are getting hair
WINNEBAGO:
FEBRUARY - FISH-RUNNING MOON
APRIL - PLANTING CORN MOON
MAY - HOEING-CORN MOON
JULY - CORN-POPPING MOON
NOVEMBER - LITTLE BEAR'S MOON
DECEMBER - BIG BEAR'S MOON
WISHRAM:
JANUARY - HER COLD MOON
FEBRUARY - SHOULDER TO SHOULDER AROUND THE FIRE MOON
MARCH - LONG DAYS MOON
APRIL - THE 8TH MOON
MAY - THE 9TH MOON
JUNE - FISH SPOILS EASILY MOON
JULY - SALMON GO UP THE RIVERS IN A GROUP MOON
AUGUST - BLACKBERRY PATCHES MOON
SEPTEMBER - HER ACORNS MOON
OCTOBER - TRAVEL IN CANOES MOON
NOVEMBER - SNOWY MOUNTAINS IN THE MORNING MOON
DECEMBER - HER WINTER HOUSES MOON
YAQUI: (from the Pasqua Yaqui website - http://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/history_and_culture/language/months.shtml)
English - Normal Yaqui usage - Yaqui descriptive
January - Enero - Kesan Meecha
February - Febreo - Heka Meecha
March - Marzo - Waehma Meecha
April - Abril - Sewa Meecha
May - Mayo - Pahko Meecha
June - Hunio - Taa'a Meecha
July - Hulio - Yuku Meecha
August - Awohto - Kau Meecha
September - Septiembre - Yaut Yo'oria Meecha
October - Oktuvre - Yohti Meecha
November - Noviemvre - Animam Meecha
December - Deciembre - Jesu Cristo Toomtek Meecha
YUCHI:
JANUARY: FROZEN GROUND SALATCPI
FEBRUARY: WIND HODADZO
MARCH: LITTLE SUMMER WADASINE
APRIL: BIG SUMMER WADAA
MAY: MULBERRY RIPENING DECONENDZO
JUNE: BLACKBERRY RIPENING CPACONENDZO
JULY: MIDDLE OF SUMMER WAGAKYA
AUGUST: DOG DAYS TSENEAGA
SEPTEMBER: HAY CUTTING TSOGALINETSEE
OCTOBER: CORN RIPENING TSOTOHOSTANE
DECEMBER: MIDDLE OF WINTER HOCTADAKYA
ZUNI:
JANUARY - Dayamcho yachunne - MOON WHEN LIMBS OF TREES ARE BROKEN BY SNOW
February - Onon u'la'ukwamme - no snow in trails moon
March - Li'dekwakkya ts'ana - little sand storm moon
April - Li'dekwakkya lana - great sand storm moon
May - Yachun kwa'shi'amme - no name
June - Ik'ohbu yachunne - turning moon
July - Dayamcho yachunne - moon when limbs of are trees broken by fruit
August - Onan u'la'ukwamme
September - Li'dekwakkwya ts'ana
- Miyashshe:nak'ya - when everything ripens & corn is harvested
OCTOBER - Li'dekwakkwya lana - BIG WIND MOON
November - Yachun kwa'shi'amme
December - Ik'ohbu yachunne - turning moon or the sun has traveled south to
his home to rest before he starts back on his journey north
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DIEGUENO:
STARTS NOVEMBER,6 NAMES, REPEAT W/SLIGHT VARIATION
ILYA-KWETL COLD
HEHA-NIMSUP SNOW
HATAI COLD
HEHA-PSU RAIN
HATYA-MATINYA RAIN
IHY-ANIDJA GROWTH
KWURH
NAMASAP
TAI
PSWI
MATANAI
ANAHA
HUCHNOM:
STARTS IN WINTER, TWO NAMES PER MOON
MIPA'OHOT OLD MAN FINGER,THUMB-MARCH
MIPA-KOYE LONG FINGER
MIPA'-OLSEL
YOHT-UMOL MAY
OLPALMOL TREE LEAVES
IM-POMOL
YOHT-WANMOL
IM-TOMOL
IM-PUSMOL
YOHT-POMOL DRY
YOHT-USMOL
OLOM-TOMOL MOUNTAINS BURNED OVER
ON-TUTWIN
ON-WOI-MOL EARTH SMOKY (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER)
LEHPWANMOL OR LEHPWENE BEGINNING OF AUTUMN
HUWOL-HUNTUSMOL ACORNS READY TO DROP
HUWOL-CHUKMOL ACORNS FALL
MUNL-NANTMOL ICE ON STREAMS
YEM-TAMOL FIRE _____?
HUNW-TANKMOL FISH FROZEN
KLAMATH:
STARTS IN AUGUST,COUNTED ON FINGERS
T-HOPO THUMB, BERRIES DRIED
SPELUISH INDEX-FINGER, DANCING
TAT-HELAM MIDDLE-FINGER, LEAVES FULL
KAPCHELAM RING-FINGER, SNOW
KAPCHA LITTLE FINGER, HEAVY SNOW
T-HOPO THUMB, LAKES FROZEN
SPELUISH INDEX-FINGER, RAIN & DANCING
TAT-HELAM MIDDLE-FINGER, SUCKER FISHING
KAPCHELAM RING-FINGER, "IPOS" GATHERING
KAPCHA LITTLE-FINGER, SUCKERS DRIED
T-HOPO THUMB, "WOKAS" HARVEST
SPELUISH INDEX-FINGER, RETURN FROM HARVEST
JUANENO:
STARTS AT WINTER SOLSTICE (ONLY 10 NAMES)
A'APKOMIL (WINTER SOLSTICE)
PERET
YARMAR
ALASOWIL
TOKOBOAICH
SINTEKAR (SUMMER SOLSTICE)
KUKWAT
LALAVAICH
AWITSKOMEL
A'AWIT
FOOTHILL MAIDU:
STARTS IN MARCH
KONO ?
WIN-UTI BLACK OAKS TASSEL
TEM-DIYOKO FAWNS
NEM-DIYOKO BIG MOUTH
KAUI-TSON GROUND BURN
ESLAKUM MIDDLE
MAT-MENI ACORN BREAD
BAPABOKA ?
BO-LYE TRAIL ______?
SAP ?
INTO ?
OMI-HINTSULI SQUINT ROCK
MOUNTAIN MAIDU:
STARTS IN MARCH
BOM-TETNO TRAIL SIT ALONG
KONO ?
KULOKBEPINE OLD WOMAN ____?
NO NAME JUNE
NO NAME JULY
NO NAME AUGUST
SE-MENI SEED
TEM-TSAMPAUTO SMALL TREE FREEZE
TETEM-TSAMPAUTA LARGE TREE FREEZE
KANAIPINO UNDER BURN
BOM-HINTSULI TRAIL SQUINT
BO-EKMEN TRAIL BREAKS OPEN
VALLEY MAIDU:
STARTS IN MARCH
SHAWI OR SHA-KONO FLOWERS
LAILA GRASS
KON-MOKO SEEDS,FISH,GEESE
NENG-KAUKAT BIG SUMMER
TUMI SMOKEY
TEM-SIMI ACORNS RIPEN
KUM-MENIM SHE-MENI ACORNS GATHERED
SHAHWODO ACORNS CACHED
YAPAKTO WINTER DIVIDED
OMHINCHOLI ICE LASTS ALL DAY
YEPONI OR BOM-PENE: CEREMONIAL INITIATE OR 2 TRAILS
KAKA-KANO PATTERING SHOWERS
MAYA: (they had a different calendar system)
Pop Mat
Uo Frog
Zip Stag
Zotz Bat
Tzec Skull
Xul End
Yaxkin Tender sun (green)
Mol Reunion
Chen Well
Yax Green
Zac White
Ceh Deer
Mac Cover
Kankin Mature sun (yellow)
Muan Owl
Pax Music
Kayab Turtle
Cumhu Dark God
Uayeb Specters
NATCHEZ:
STARTS IN MARCH
DEER MOON
STRAWBERRY MOON
LITTLE CORN MOON
WATERMELON MOON
PEACHES MOON
MULBERRIES MOON
MAIZE MOON
TURKEY MOON
BISON MOON
BEAR MOON
COLD MEAL MOON
CHESTNUTS MOON
NUTS MOON
AZTEC: (they had a different calendar system)
Izcalli Resurrection
Atlcahualco Departure of the waters
Tlacaxipehualiztli Slaughtering of dogs
Tozoztontli Little Vigil
Hueytozoztli Grand Vigil
Toxcatl Dry Thing
Etzalcualiztli Meal of Corn and Bean
Tecuilhuitontli Little Feast of Lords
Hueytecuilhuitl Grand Feast of Lords
Miccailhuitontli Little Feast of The Dead
Hueymiccailhuitl Grand Feast of The Dead
Ochpaniztli Sweeping
Pachtontli Small Hay
Hueypachtli Large Hay
Quecholli Flamingo
Panquetzaliztli Raising of the Banners
Atemoztli Lowering of water
Titl Shrinking
Nemontemi Empty Days
POMO:
STARTS APPROXIMATELY IN JANUARY
BASHELAMATAU-LA BUCKEYES RIPE
SACHAU-DA COLD WINDS
KADAMCHIDO-DA GROWTH BEGINS
CHIDODAPUK FLOWERS
UMCHACHICH-DA SEEDS RIPEN
BUTICH-DA BULBS MATURE (THE "BRODIACA")
BAKAICHICH-DA MANZANITA RIPENS
LUCHICH-DA ACORNS APPEAR
SHACHLUYIAU-DA SOAPROOT DUG FOR FISH POISON
KALEMKAYO TREES FELLED BY FIRE AT BUTT
KASI-SA COLD BEGINS
STALPKEL-DA LEAVES YELLOW AND FALL
YUROK:
START IN LATE DECEMBER
KOHTSEWETS
NA'AIWETS
NAHKSEWETS
TSONA'AIWETS
MEROYO
KOHTSAWETS
TSERWERSERK
KNEWOLETEU
KERERMERK OR PIA'AGO RED BERRIES GATHERED
WETLOWA OR LE'LO'O
NOHSO TIME OF ACORN GATHERING
HOHKEMO
KA'AMO COLD TIME
SEASON NAMES
ABENAKI
SPRING: SIGWAN
SUMMER: NIBEN
FALL: TAGWOGO
WINTER: PEBON
COCHIMI
EARLY SUMMER MEHHEVOH
LATE SUMMER AMADEAPEE
EARLY WINTER AMADAAPIGALA
LATE WINTER MAHEVAL
EARLY SPRING MAHEVAN
LATE SPRING MAAHHE
CREE
EARLY SPRING: SIGUN
LATE SPRING: MILUSKAMIN
EARLY SUMMER: NIPIN
LATE SUMMER: MEGWANIPIU
EARLY FALL: TUKWAGUN
LATE FALL: MIGISKAU
EARLY WINTER: PICHIPIPUN
LATE WINTER: MEGWAPIPUN
PAITUE (thanks to Lee R. Williams)
December is the Beginning of Winter Month Tommo muha
March is the Beginning of Spring Month Pudu tamana
June is Beginning of Summer Month Tatza muha
September is Beginning of Autumn Month Yubano muha
POWHATAN (THEY HAD A FIFTH SEASON FOR THE "EARING OF THE CORN": NEPINOUGH)
WINTER: POPANOW
SPRING: CATTAPEUK
SUMMER: COHATTAYOUGH
FALL: TAQUITOCK
TUMPISA (PANAMINT) SHOSHONE - by: Jon P. Dayley (thanks to Lee R. Williams)
SPRING: TAHMA (in the springtime tahmani)
SUMMER: TATSA (in the summertime tatsawani)
FALL: YUPANI (in the autumn yupanwani)
WINTER: TOMMO (In the wintertime tomowani)
YUCHI
WINTER: WICTA
SPRING: HINA WADELE
SUMMER: WADE
FALL: YACADILE
DAY NAMES
ABENAKI:
Sunday - Sanda
Monday - Kizsanda
Tuesday - Nisda Alokan
Wednesday - Nsida Alokan
Thursday - Iawda Alokan
Friday - Skawatukwikisgad
Saturday - Kadawsanda
CHEROKEE:
SUNDAY - UNADODAGWASGVI
MONDAY - UNADODAGWOHNVI
TUESDAY - TALINE IGA
WEDNESDAY- JOINE IGA
THURSDAY- NVHGINE IGA
FRIDAY - JUNHGILOSDI
SATURDAY- UNADODAGWIDENA
CHICKASAW:
SUNDAY - NITAK HULLO
MONDAY - MUNTI
TUESDAY - CHOSTI
WEDNESDAY - WINSTI
THURSDAY - SOISTI
FRIDAY - NAM ULHCHIFA NITAK
SATURDAY - NITAK HULLO NUKFISH
Chippewa: (Ojibwe)
SUNDAY - ANA'MI'E-GIJI'GAD
MONDAY - NITAM-GIJIGAD
TUESDAY - NIJO-GIJIGAD
WEDNESDAY - ABITOOSE-GIJIGAD
THURSDAY - NIWING-GIJIGAD
FRIDAY - NANING-GIJIGAD
SATURDAY - NINGOOT'WASSO-GIJIGAD
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